"The International Space Station is yesterday's technology and its stated scientific objectives are yesterday's science," physicist Robert Park told a congressional panel in 1997. Park, a spokesman for the American Physical Society and a professor at the University of Maryland, has been a persistent critic of the station, but in his remarks to Congress he set out arguments others in the scientific community have echoed. Noting that the space station was first envisioned in 1984, he said technology had developed exponentially since then. "In particular, telerobotics allows us to couple the creativity of the human brain to machines that function unimpaired in environments humans cannot endure," he said. "We continue to design better robots - humans, by contrast, have not changed appreciably in 35,000 years. There no longer seems to be any need to expose humans, willing or not, to space environment."